GUARDD-US Team Surpasses Enrollment Goal

The GUARDD-US study aims to determine the impact of disclosing genetic of kidney failure among adults with African ancestry on blood pressure. The GUARDD-US study team celebrated surpassing their enrollment goal on September 30, 2023 after enrolling 6,754 participants. The last participant is expected to complete the follow-up period for the trial by May 2024.

The study is a prospective, multicenter, unblinded, two-arm randomized pragmatic clinical trial investigating the impact of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genotyping in patients with self-reported African ancestry who have been diagnosed with hypertension.

The study’s primary goal is to determine the effect of participant and provider knowledge of a high-risk APOL1 genotype on change in systolic blood pressure from baseline to 3 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes include kidney disease testing and psycho-behavioral factors.

Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to immediate versus delayed APOL1 genotype testing with the return of results participants and providers.  A subset of the participants without high-risk APOL1 genotype were re-randomized to a genotype-guided approach to anti-hypertensive therapy versus usual care to determine the effect on three-month systolic blood pressure.

GUARDD-US was conducted across 11 relying sites and over 50 clinical practices in the United States.

Study results and primary manuscripts are anticipated to be released in late 2024.

More information about GUARDD-US can be found at https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04191824.

Publication Available on the Design and Rationale of GUARDD-US

Design and rationale of GUARDD-US: A pragmatic, randomized trial of genetic testing for APOL1 and pharmacogenomic predictors of antihypertensive efficacy in patients with hypertension

 

Abstract

Rationale and objective: APOL1 risk alleles are associated with increased cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk. It is unknown whether knowledge of APOL1 risk status motivates patients and providers to attain recommended blood pressure (BP) targets to reduce cardiovascular disease.

Study design: Multicenter, pragmatic, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting and participants: 6650 individuals with African ancestry and hypertension from 13 health systems.

Intervention: APOL1 genotyping with clinical decision support (CDS) results are returned to participants and providers immediately (intervention) or at 6 months (control). A subset of participants are re-randomized to pharmacogenomic testing for relevant antihypertensive medications (pharmacogenomic sub-study). CDS alerts encourage appropriate CKD screening and antihypertensive agent use.

Outcomes: Blood pressure and surveys are assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. The primary outcome is change in systolic BP from enrollment to 3 months in individuals with two APOL1 risk alleles. Secondary outcomes include new diagnoses of CKD, systolic blood pressure at 6 months, diastolic BP, and survey results. The pharmacogenomic sub-study will evaluate the relationship of pharmacogenomic genotype and change in systolic BP between baseline and 3 months.

Results: To date, the trial has enrolled 3423 participants.

Conclusions: The effect of patient and provider knowledge of APOL1 genotype on systolic blood pressure has not been well-studied. GUARDD-US addresses whether blood pressure improves when patients and providers have this information. GUARDD-US provides a CDS framework for primary care and specialty clinics to incorporate APOL1 genetic risk and pharmacogenomic prescribing in the electronic health record.

Read the full publication.

IGNITE’s GUARDD pilot study determines effects of testing genetic risk for kidney failure

GUARDDThe Implementing GeNomics In practice (IGNITE) Pragmatic Clinical Trials Network’s GUARDD-US study has published their main outcomes paper of the pilot study, whose aim is to determine the effect of returning Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic risk information to hypertensive African ancestry patients.

“Effects of Testing and Disclosing Ancestry-Specific Genetic Risk for Kidney Failure on Patients and Health Care Professionals,” was published in JAMA Network Open in March 2022.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 26 million US adults.1 Individuals of African ancestry have a higher risk of CKD and end-stage kidney disease compared to individuals with European ancestry owing to social determinants, clinical factors, and health system factors.13 Race and ethnicity are social constructs, but ancestry has some biological underpinnings. The high-risk genotypes in the APOL1 gene are found in 1 of 7 people of African ancestry.

Through the randomized clinical trial, 2050 patients of African ancestry with hypertension without chronic kidney disease in which genetic testing results were disclosed to patients and clinicians, patients with high-risk APOL1 genotypes had greater improvement in blood pressure from baseline and more lifestyle changes compared with patients with low-risk APOL1 genotypes or control patients.

“Disclosing APOL1 genetic testing results to patients of African ancestry with hypertension and their clinicians was associated with a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure, increased kidney disease screening and positive self-reported behavior changes (eg, taking blood pressure medications regularly) in those with genetic high risk,” said Carol Horowitz, MD, MPH, Professor of Population Health Science and Policy and Medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

Researchers have found that disclosing these genetic testing results ultimately are a benefit to patients.

“These results suggest we are headed in the right direction. Genetic testing is a particularly sensitive issue for the African American community. African Americans have a higher risk of kidney disease development and progression. While race is a social construct, and this disparity is multifactorial and structural, ancestry has genetic components,” said Girish N. Nadkarni, MD, MPH, the Irene and Dr. Arthur M. Fishberg Professor of Medicine at Icahn Mount Sinai and the lead author of the study. “For many years, researchers have wondered whether reporting APOL1 genetic test results would help improve clinical management. This is the first pragmatic randomized clinical trial to test this out.”

“Additionally, we also show that trained laypersons can play a critical role in returning genetic results. This provides a new paradigm for return of genetic results especially in racial and ethnic minorities,” said Dr. Horowitz.

Read Full Publication Here

About IGNITE:

The Implementing GeNomics In practice (IGNITE) Pragmatic Clinical Trials Network is an NIH-funded network dedicated to advancing the implementation of genomics in healthcare.

With oversight from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), the Network is comprised of a coordinating center at Duke University School Medicine and five clinical groups: Indiana University Health, Mount Sinai Health System, Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Health, University of Florida Health, and Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Additionally, the Network engages affiliate institutions across the country to encourage sharing of innovative research and best practices in genomic medicine implementation.

The IGNITE Network is conducting two genomic medicine pragmatic trials:

  • ADOPT-PGx is an umbrella protocol for three pragmatic clinical trials investigating pharmacogenomics (PGx)-guided therapy for acute post-surgical pain, chronic pain, and depression. Pain and depression impact substantial proportions of the U.S. population, but finding safe, effective drug therapies remains challenging.
  • GUARDD-US is a pragmatic clinical trial that aims to determine the effect of returning apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic risk information to hypertensive African ancestry patients and their primary care providers, with a focus on the control of systolic blood pressure.

These trials aim to help researchers and clinicians understand what to expect with the return of genetic information to patients and providers in real-world clinical settings. Learn more about IGNITE.

New Leadership Announced for Coordinating Center

The Implementing GeNomics In practice (IGNITE) Pragmatic Clinical Trials Network is an NIH-funded network dedicated to supporting the implementation of genomics in healthcare.

Effective January 2022, Christina Wyatt, MD, associate professor of medicine (Nephrology) and Scott Palmer, MD, MHS, professor of medicine (Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine) will replace Geoff Ginsburg, MD, PhD, as principal investigators for the IGNITE Pragmatic Clinical Trials Network coordinating center. Ginsburg recently was announced as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Chief Medical and Scientific Officer for the All of Us research program.

Dr. Wyatt and Dr. Palmer will join Hrishikesh Chakraborty, DrPH, to serve as joint principal investigators for Duke University, who is the coordinating center for IGNITE.

The IGNITE network is comprised of five research sites, a coordinating center, a steering committee and working groups, with oversight from The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)

Two genome medicine studies are currently being facilitated through IGNITE:

  • ADOPT PGx is an umbrella protocol for three pragmatic clinical trials investigating pharmacogenomics (PGx)-guided therapy for acute post-surgical pain, chronic pain, and depression. Pain and depression impact substantial proportions of the U.S. population, but finding safe, effective drug therapies remains challenging.
  • GUARDD-US is a pragmatic clinical trial that aims to determine the effect of returning apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic risk information to hypertensive African ancestry patients and their primary care providers, with a focus on the control of systolic blood pressure.

These trials aim to help researchers and clinicians understand what to expect with the return of genetic information to patients and providers in real-world clinical settings.

Learn more about the IGNITE network here

Read recent publications on IGNITE here

 

About the PIs:

Christina Wyatt headshotDr. Christina Wyatt is Associate Professor of Medicine and a core faculty member at the Duke Clinical Research Institute. She is a clinical-translational investigator at the intersection of HIV and kidney disease, including the role of genetic susceptibility attributed to variants in APOL1. Dr. Wyatt is currently the Clinical Core Director for a multidisciplinary P01 investigating the pathogenesis of HIV-related kidney disease, the PI of an ancillary study focused on kidney disease outcomes in the START clinical trial, and a co-investigator on 5 other NIH projects including a pragmatic clinical trial in young women using concomitant hormonal contraception and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. In addition to serving as PI or co-investigator on ancillary studies to the START and REPRIEVE clinical trials in people with HIV, Dr. Wyatt has experience as a member of Data and Safety Monitoring Boards and Clinical Endpoint Committees for large randomized clinical trials. She is an Associate Editor of Kidney International, the highest impact journal in nephrology, and a member of the Executive Committee for Kidney Disease | Improving Global Outcomes, the leading international guidelines organization in nephrology.

Scott Palmer headshotDr. Scott Palmer is Vice Chair of Research for the Department of Medicine and Therapeutic Area for MedicinePlus at the Duke Clinical Research Institute. Dr. Palmer is clinically trained in pulmonary and critical care medicine and completed advanced training in clinical research completing an MHS degree. He brings over 20 years of NIH funded research expertise including in translational human genetics and extensive experience leading successful multicenter consortium. He has led a high impact prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study to prevent CMV infection after lung transplant, published in Annals of Internal Medicine. He also led as PI and coordinated through the DCRI a phase 2 multicenter study of BMS-986020, a Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Antagonist, that established the proof-of-concept efficacy of this class of agents for the treatment of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). He led administrative coordinating center (ACC) the multicenter Lung Regeneration and Repair Consortium (LRRC) and served as MPI for the Data Coordinating Center (DCC) of the Molecular Atlas of Lung Development (LungMAP), phase 1. He currently leads as overall study PI an ongoing 50-site IPF and ILD registry (IPF-PRO/ILD-PRO) that has enrolled over 1,500 patients with IPF or ILD. He also created and led as PI the first dedicated adult lung transplant NIAID Clinical Trials in Organ Transplant (CTOT) consortium. His notable genetic studies include the identification of rare protein coding variants in telomerase related genes that underlie the development of sporadic IPF.

Hrishikesh (Rishi) Chakraborty headshotDr. Hrishikesh Chakraborty is the Associate Professor in the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Director of Pragmatic Clinical Trial Biostatistics at the Duke Clinical Research Institute, and Co-Director of the Quantitative Sciences Core for the Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) at Duke University. Currently, he is the principal investigator (PI) for (1) IGNITE Network Coordinating Centers (CC), (2) The Biomarkers of dietary intake and exposure Consortium CC, (3) Health care systems to move guideline-based care of low back pain Data Coordinating Center (DCC), (4) Mono- vs. Duo-therapy for pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension DCC, (5) TRANSFORM-HF trial of torsemide compare with furosemide DCC, and (6) SPIRRIT-HFPEF pragmatic, registry-based randomized clinical trial that evaluate the clinical effectiveness of spironolactone versus usual care DCC. He has served as PI, co-PI, co-Investigator, and statistical investigator for large, single, and multicenter pragmatic clinical trials, observational studies, cohort studies, cluster randomized studies, CCs, DCCs, and implementation studies. He has independent, collaborative, and consulting research experience in biostatistics, public health, biomedical, clinical, epidemiologic, and social science research, and has worked in several different therapeutic areas including HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases, maternal and child health, and cardiology/vascular diseases. He has been involved in complex and innovative clinical trials and implementation studies and has over 25 years’ expertise in collaborative single and multi-site trial management, study design, sample size calculation, data management, data quality control, data analysis, report writing, and publication of results.

IGNITE Diversity & Inclusion Statement

The IGNITE Network Leadership calls for Diversity and Inclusion in the conduct of research

We call on scientific and medical communities to acknowledge and work toward eliminating the injustices perpetuated through all forms of systemic racism and discrimination, both past and present, overt and covert. We condemn eugenic beliefs, policies, and practices. While ancestry has some genetic underpinnings, race is a social construct. Thus, we recognize the consequences of racism and bias on health, healthcare, and research.

To provide more equitable care and improve health for all communities, researchers must investigate and address the causes of health disparities and include more diverse people as study leaders and participants. We commit to working hand-in-hand with patients and advocates from underserved communities to ensure that research is performed, published and applied in an ethical, unbiased, trustworthy and inclusive manner.

Striving for an equitable future, we endorse anti-racist and anti-discriminatory policies in healthcare and research. To develop a culture of understanding and inclusiveness that extends to the diverse communities we are privileged to serve, we must also foster diversity in our own institutions.

This statement and the actions that follow are the foundations of a durable process in the pursuit of health equity.

GUARDD-US Enrolls First Patient

IGNITE hit a major milestone on July 10, 2020: The University of Florida randomized the first patient in to the GUARDD-US pragmatic clinical trial.

Genetic testing to Understand Renal Disease Disparities across the US (GUARDD-US) will investigate the results of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genotyping in an African American population.

The primary outcome is systolic blood pressure (SBP) at three months comparing patients with high-risk APOL1 variants (positives) versus no high-risk variants (negatives). The co-primary outcome is three-month SBP in positives versus those receiving delayed testing. Secondary outcomes include renal disease testing, and psycho-behavioral factors. The team will re-randomize APOL1 negative patients to a genotype-guided approach to anti-hypertensive therapy versus usual care and compare three-month SBP.